Develop customer service plan Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Create client care plan - Coursework Example The organization will be the market chief in the following decade especially in the administration conveyance to the shoppers. Additionally, the business substance will likewise be a pioneer as far as the purchaser base because of the improvement in the administrations in this manner drawing in more buyers. The business element targets conveying administrations to the customers that are well disposed and in an expert way. Likewise, the organization will convey quality to the shoppers in this manner improving the estimation of the administration and diminish cost of administrations simultaneously. The spotlight will concentrate on both the inside just as the outer customers (L., 2010, p. 16). Any items that any client purchases will be conveyed through the accessible conveying organizations. The purchaser will get a warning of the organization that will convey their product. In the occasion of deferrals, the conveyance of the item will participate in the following twelve hours (K, 2004, p. 12). The foundation works under a shopper arranged approach that will in general make a cordial relationship with the clients. The view will in general set up the desires for the buyer and perceive the degree of the decency of the common administrations The organization will contact the customers through messages and calls in an endeavor of discovering their encounters and their ensuing desires. The business element will likewise attempt an overview that will enroll five territories of study. The regions incorporate affirmation, the unwavering quality, sympathy, physical assets just as progressive responsiveness. Subsequently, the business substance will embrace the examination of the discoveries from the exploration (Krenn, 2011, p. 22). The organization will in general make direct phone discussions with the customers. The utilization of messages is additionally set up whereby energy about each email is required so as to improve the input time. The approaches and systems will in general work from

Hand Hygiene Essay Sample Essays

Hand Hygiene Essay Sample Essays Hand Hygiene Essay Sample Essay Hand Hygiene Essay Sample Essay Hand Hygiene as Part of Health Care We are encircled by pathogens. Forestalling the spread of ailment causing microorganism in human services offices is pivotal. You need to secure yourself, staff and your patients by washing your hands as often as possible. The article hand cleanliness: It makes a distinction, composed by Maryellen Guinan and Maryanne McGuckin, examines the significance of handwashing and the means of appropriately washing your hands. Handwashing is an expertise that is particularly significant in human services offices. A few instances of when hand washing ought to be utilized is at whatever point coming into contact with patients, after contact with flawless skin, before wearing sterile gloves to embed a focal intravascular tube, or whatever other circumstance that opens you to body emissions. The best possible approach to wash your hands is to initially wet your hands to take into account better dispersion of the cleanser. It is essential to utilize warm water and foam the cleanser for at least 20 seconds, make a point to utilize grating and wash your hands horoughly. An a lot snappier option in contrast to washing your hands is to utilize antibacterial sanitizers. When utilizing liquor based hand rubs apply them to the palm of your hand and continue scouring until your hand gets dry. Wash your hands or utilizing sanitizers at whatever point conceivable will help keep the social insurance laborer and occupants safe from ailment This article underscores the significance of keeping your hands sterilized. The principle worry as a social insurance specialist is to keep patients safe and give them he best consideration they might get. Taking 20 seconds to completely wash your hands you are ensuring yourself as well as you keeping everybody you come into contact with safe. Antibacterial sanitizers are an incredible option in contrast to washing your hands when you might not have the sufficient time to altogether wash your hands. Keeping your hands clean can have a major effect and can prompt a sound and more secure condition. :

4 new faculty join SIPA this spring COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

4 new faculty join SIPA this spring COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog SIPA has 70 full-time faculty and more than 300 professional practitioners, visiting scholars, and adjuncts who love sharing their  expertise with our students. Were pleased to share weve added a few more names to the roster for the Spring 2017 term. Heres a look at who will be joining us in January. Karla Hoff, a Lead Economist at the World Bank, will serve as Visiting Professor and co-teach an undergraduate Economics Senior Seminar and a SIPA course on behavioral economics with Professor Joseph Stiglitz. She served as Codirector of the World Bank’s World Development Report 2015, and much of her work focuses on using the tools of economics to study social interactions. She earned her BA in French from Wellesley College and a PhD in economics from Princeton University. Ronaldo Lemos, co-founder and Director of the Institute for Technology Society of Rio de Janeiro, will be appointed the Edward Larocque Tinker Visiting Professor at SIPA and the Institute of Latin American Studies (ILAS). He will teach a new course, “Tech Policy and Culture in the Developing World: Living on the Edge.” He also will be engaged with SIPA’s Tech and Policy Initiative. Professor Lemos currently serves as a Professor of Law Innovation at Rio de Janeiro State University and was a leading architect of Brazil’s path-setting rights for the Internet, including freedom of speech, privacy and net neutrality. He earned a Master of Laws from Harvard Law School and a Doctor of Laws from the University of Sao Paulo Law School. Augusto de la Torre is Chief Economist for Latin America at the World Bank. He will be an Adjunct Professor at SIPA and will teach a course on financial development in emerging economies. Prior to joining the World Bank, he served as President of Ecuador’s Central Bank and as an International Monetary Fund economist. He earned his MA and PhD in Economics from the University of Notre Dame. Pierre Vimont, former ambassador of France to the United States, will be an Adjunct Professor in spring 2017 and teach a course on diplomacy in the European Union, focusing major contemporary issues, including Brexit and international migration. His visit has been arranged by Columbia’s European Institute (EI), and he will participate in special events arranged by EI. Ambassador Vimont has had a distinguished career in public service in the French government, including service as ambassador to the European Union and chief of staff for three French foreign ministers. He holds a permanent title of Ambassador of France.

Analysis Of The Harlem Renaissance, African American Poets

During the introduction of the Harlem Renaissance, African American poets started to gain popularity for their works. The works of African American poets were seen to be uninfluential to the genre of poetry due to the difference of addressed issues. Poets of African American decent did not only address issues of the sex, but also race, colorism, and class. Though fighting for some of the same issues, black poets had issues on a different spectrum from white poets. The emergence of Womanist derived from the different attitudes and issues between black poets and their white counterparts. Colorism amongst black was mentioned commonly amongst the works of African American poets. Colorism, which is discrimination based the color of skin, was†¦show more content†¦Clifton describes what she would look like as a white person, â€Å"hair a flutter of / fall leaves / circling my perfect / line of a nose / no lips / no behind† (Gilbert, 1121). At the end of the poem, Clifton wa kes up from a dream and her dream confirmed that she does not need to be white to feel accepted and beautiful. Her race gives her that satisfaction, â€Å"and i’m wearing white history but there’s no future in those clothes so i take them off and wake up dancing. (Gilbert, 1121). The works of Gwendolyn Brooks addresses issues in the African American community. Brooks mentions issues including racial identity, political consciousness, and feminism. In her poem, The Mother, Brooks discusses her experience with abortion. Abortions were viewed as one of the most horrific things a woman can do. Society viewed women who had abortions as monsters, which resulted into shaming. Women had to keep abortions secret or to lie if they were to remain with a good reputation, â€Å"Is faulty: oh, what shall I say, how is the truth to be said? You were born, you had body, you died. It is just that you never giggled or planned or cried†. (Gilbert, 781) Brook’s uses various poetic techniques to get her poems across to people. Poetic techniques are used to keep readers engaged and interested in the poem. In the poem, We Real Cool, she uses alliteration, rhyme, rhythm, consonance, and assonance, â€Å"We real cool. We LeftShow MoreRelatedReoccurring Themes in the Work of Langston Hughes Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesLangston Hughes is an extremely successful and well known black writer who emerged from the Harlem Renaissance (â€Å"Langston Hughes† 792). He is recognized for his poetry and like many other writers from the Harlem Renaissance, lived most of his life outside of Harlem (â€Å"Langston Hughes† 792). His personal experiences and opinions inspire his writing intricately. Unlike other writers of his time, Hughes expresses his discontent with black oppression and focuses on the hardships of his people. Hughes’Read MoreWith The Recent Election Being Highly Controversial And1378 Words   |  6 Pagesbe possible without the initial work of poets of the Harlem Renaissance. Poets like Countee Cullen, Langston Hughes, and Claude McKay who used their poetry as a form of protest against the oppression the African American community faced during the Harlem Renaissance. The s imilarities of culture and subject matter between the protest poets of the Harlem Renaissance and rap artists who make political statements provides a documentation of how the protest poets created a pathway for rap artists to makeRead MoreAnalysis Of Langston Hughes s Poem I, Too978 Words   |  4 Pages Langston Hughes America, the ideals of freedom, equality, and opportunity traditionally held to be available to every American. This is what everyone was told, what the Declaration of Independence states. But, Langston Hughes a black American poet in the Harlem Renaissance period saw the truth. 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Many had come from the South, fleeing its oppressive caste system in order to find a place where they could freely express their talents; this became known as The Great MigrationRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance By African Americans1955 Words   |  8 PagesArising in the heart of Harlem, New York throughout the early to mid 1900 s, the Harlem Renaissance was a movement in which African Americans took initiative towards establishing a cultural identity. The Harlem Renaissance marked the first time in which white America began to develop an interest in the African American race and heritage. The movement was declared as the most crucial factors towards the attainment of the American Dream by African Americans. Aspects of African American heritage were portrayedRead MoreJames Langston Hughes And Countee Cullen934 Words   |  4 Pages James Langston Hughes and Countee Cullen were prominen t poets. These poets were at the time of the Harlem Renaissance during the 20th century. Hughes and Cullen wrote for others to understand the stories of African-Americans living in the United State. These men had differences in their writing, but one mutual objective. James Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri on February 1, 1902. Hughes began writing poetry when he lived in Lincoln, Illinois. The Weary Blues was his first book of poetryRead MoreLangston Hughes ´ Memories in His Poems Essay834 Words   |  4 Pagesinto the person you will become. Today, many authors and poets make use of their memories and experiences in their work as a way to reflect back on their lives, raise awareness, or just simply to tell a story. As a prominent contributor to the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes was an inspirational poet who highlighted many aspects of the urban life of African-Americans through reflections of his own life and experiences. 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What is Market Segmentation Free Essays

string(89) " change for their age factors they may still wish to consumer the same type of products\." 1. What do you understand by the term Market? Marketing is followed by the different way of processes that may included the success of marketing and involves of marketing research selling product, sales promotion, product and services and main thing of consumer satisfaction and their need and wants. Main things of marketing to envolved and meet the developing of new markets caused by mature markets and over capacities in the last 2-3 centuries. We will write a custom essay sample on What is Market Segmentation? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The increased of marketing strategies requires to focus of production and needs and wants of customer means the satisfaction of customer means of staying profitable. (wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing) Marketing is a social and managerial process and also individual and groups means the chain of process, groups obtain want and needs are creating , offering and exchanging of product of value with others product (Kotler 1997. 9th edition) Marketing is an organisational function it obtain to process for creating communicating and delivering value of customer and managing of customer relationship in the way of benefit the organisation and its stakeholders. 2. Market Segmentation:- Markets segmentation divided in to two groups heterogenous, homogenous. The aims for segmentation a market is to allow your marketing/sales programmed to focus on the subset of prospects that are most likely to purchase a offer for customer. Example:- Tata have started a new Mercedes Benz care in India . Many people have need car like Maruti , Santro but they may not need like Mercedes car. They all are happy with santro and maruti. Some people are interested in a luxuary car, but may not be interested in Mercedes . Some people may be interested Mercedes but they are not able to afford of Rs. 32lakh. Thus, the market for Mercedes is a very small part of luxuary car markets(Ananksha Goswami) A market segment unity of a group of customers within a market who share a similar level of interest in the same. Or comparable, set of needs. Levels Of Market Segmentation:- It is discussed in importance of segmentation that consumer have a different needs and good seller have satisfied consumer needs and wants . That’s why market segmentation can be carried out of a different levels of segments. (www.mba.com) 1) Mass Marketing:- In simple words seller offer same product for all the buyers with different needs and seller engages in mass production, mass distribution, and mass promotion of one product for all buyers. 2) Niche Marketing:- A niche is a defined more closely group, It is dividing the segment in to sub segments it can be divided that identifying the distinct of consumer which might special needs and benefits this sub segments are made for those consumer whose needs and wants are not satisfied. 3) Local Marketing:- It depends upon the brand and promoting and to needs and wants of local customer and the design marketing programmed depends upon local consumer group like nearest consumer, Neighborhoods and even specific stores. 4) Individual Marketing:- Individual Marketing knows as the satisfying of needs and wants of individual customer, it means one-to-one marketing and customized marketing it is the segment level where seller offer customized product to the consumer . How to identify the market differnation from one another 3. Why Segment The Market / Reasons Of Market Segmetation:- The market segmentation benefits in different ways. It helps the market to pick up the market targets, and hence research how markets differ from one another. It does this by distinguishing one customer group from other within the market and by showing which segment of the market matters to its situation and should, hence form its target market. Following are the different points of view for the differentiation of market one another. 1) Facilities effective of the chosen market:- Segmentation depends upon the market and understanding the needs of each the chosen segment, when the buyers are handled the after the segmentation and the response for each segment will be more homogeneous. In product distribution and pricing for matching the particular customer group and developing the marketing offers. 2) Marketing effort more efficient and economic:- Segmentation is more important of marketing efficient and economic, marketing effort is concentrated or selected for well defined segment after all for most firms. If efforts were concentrated on select the segments the ones that match the firms resources and are most productive and profitable. 3) Helps Identify Less Satisfied Segments and Concentrate on Them:- Segmentation also helps the marketer to asses to what extent existing offers in the market matches the needs of different customer segments and which are the less satisfied segments. 4. Market Can Be Segmented Using Several Bases:- A market/consumer population for a product can be segmented using several bases Geographic Demographic Psychographic Behavioral 1) Geographic Segment:- Geographical segmentation tries to divided in to different market geographical units: these units depends on political boundaries, climate regions, population boundaries Countries: perhaps categorized by size, development or membership of geographic region. a) City / Town size: e.g. population within ranges or above a certain level. b) Population density: e.g. urban, suburban, rural, semi-rural. c) Climate: according to weather patterns common to certain geographic regions For Example:- Geographic segmentation aims the product consumption of different patterns , people in different area like some people in India and some in Kenya in India(kokan and goa) found in stple grain and fish available from sea. Southern area found in a coffee and northern area tea , and the international market products are made according to their needs like soft drink when added a glass of water with lots of sugar, in India complexion cream fair and lovely only sell by India. 2) Demographic Segmentation:- Consists of dividing the market into groups based on variables such as age, gender family size, income, occupation, education, religion, race and nationality. As you might expect, demographic segmentation variables are amongst the most popular bases for segmenting customer groups. The main demographic segmentation variables are summarized below : Age:- Consumer need and ants change for their age factors they may still wish to consumer the same type of products. You read "What is Market Segmentation?" in category "Essay examples" So defiened the different types of product, packing, promote the product differently to meet the wants of different age groups. Example for the market of different type of soap and body wash ( the branding soap like Dove and dove body wash use for adults and childrens) Life-cycle stage:- A consumer stage in the life-cycle is an important variable – principally in markets such as spare time and sightseeing. For example, contrast the product and promotional approach of Club 18-30 holidays with the slightly more refined and dignified loom adopted beside Saga Holidays. Gender:- Gender segmentation is widely used in consumer marketing. The best examples include clothing, hairdressing, magazines and toiletries and cosmetics. Income:- Many companies target affluent consumers with luxury goods and convenience services. Good examples include Coutts bank; Moet Chandon champagne and Elegant Resorts – an up-market travel company. By contrast, many companies focus on marketing products that appeal directly to consumers with relatively low incomes. Examples include Aldi (a discount food retailer), Airtours holidays, and discount clothing retailers such as TK Maxx. Social class:- Many Marketers believe that a consumers â€Å"perceived† social class influences their preferences for cars, clothes, home furnishings, leisure activities and other products services. There is a clear link here with income-based segmentation. Lifestyle:- Marketers are increasingly interested in the effect of consumer â€Å"lifestyles† on demand. Unfortunately, there are many different lifestyle categorization systems, many of them designed by advertising and marketing agencies as a way of winning new marketing clients and campaigns. Example:- Zee Televisions deals with variety of channels regional channel, sports channel, movie channel. Peri-peri has both veg and non veg burger and also McDonald has veg burger for vegetarian and non veg burger for non vegetarian. 3) Psychographic Segmentation :- Psychographic segmentation groups according to customer and their life style, many manufacturer or company product offers based on their attitudes, beliefs and efforts or emotions of their target of market. The desires for status, enhanced somebody look like and more money of psychographic variables. Psychographic segmentation helps in repositioning, launch of new products and brand extension: Segmentation consumer based on psychographic rest on identifying consumer state of mind and hence helpsin piecing together a more inclusive profile of target consumer. Buying Behavior Segmentation :- Markets can be segmented on the basis of buyer behavior as well. Since all Segmentation is in a way related to buyer behavior, one might be tempted to ask why buyer behavior-based segmentation should be a separate method. It is because there is some distinction between buyer’s characteristics that are reflected by their geographic, demographic and psychographic profiles, and their buying behavior. Marketers often find practical benefit in using buying behavior as a separate segmentation base in addition to bases like geographic, demographics, a psychographics. The primary idea in buyer behavior segmentation is that different customer groups expect different benefits from the same product and accordingly, they will be different in their motives in owing it and their behavior in buying it. Variables of buyer behavior are:- Benefit sought: – Quality / economy / service / look etc of the product. Example:– Nestle has found a separate segment atta noodles as distinct from the maida noodles. Usage rate: – Heavy user / moderate user / light user of a product. User status: – Regular / potential / first time user / irregular /occasional. Loyalty to brand: – Hard core loyal / split loyal / shifting / switches. Occasion: – Holidays and occasion stimulate customer to purchase products. Attitude toward offering: – Enthusiastic / positive attitude / negative attitude / indifferent / hostile.(www.bizzed.co.uk) Example:- Shampoos, soap and all FMCG products buying behavior segmentation is used. 5. Market Criterial For Effective Segmentation in Sales/marketing Management A decision to use a market segmentation strategy should rest on consideration of four important criteria that affect its profitability. (www.citemannetwork) 1) Accessible:– The firm has to now consider whether the segments are accessible to it. This may need further analysis. The market realities will have to be taken into consideration. The popular segment will be accessible only to the firm with a cost advantage, since price is a major determinant in this segment. Liril of Hindustan Lever has a commanding position in this segment. At the upper end of the segment, HLL’s Pears and Dove are well entrenched. Several other brands of different companies are competing in the segment. 2) Identifiable and measurable: – Segments must be identifiable so that the market can determine which consumers belong to a segment and which do not. However, there may be a problem with the segment’s measurability (that is, the amount of information available on specific buyer characteristics) because numerous variables (e.g. psychological factors) are difficult, if not impossible, to measure at the present time. For example, if the marketer discovered that consumers who perspire profusely favored a particular brand, very little could be done with this information since such a group would be difficult to measure and identify for segmentation purposes. 3) Substantial:- This collection refers to the degree to which a chosen segment is large enough to support profitably a separate marketing program. As was noted preciously a strategy of market segmentation is costly. Thus, one must carefully consider not only the number of customers available in a segment but also the amount of their purchasing power. 4) Responsive:- There is little to justify the development of a separate and unique marketing program for a target segment unless it responds uniquely to these efforts. Therefore, the problem is to identify market segments that will respond favorably to marketing programs designed specifically for them. 6. Identifing Market Segmentation And Market Target :- There are five different patterns of target market selection: 1. Single Segment Concentration:- Also known as the â€Å"be a big fish in a small pound† strategy is, based on the generic competitive strategy-Focus. Through concentrated marketing, an industry achieves a strong understanding of the segment’s needs, develops competitive advantages to accomplish a strong presence in the given segment. Through segment leadership, it captures an elevated return on investment. 2. Selective Specialization:- The company may decide to target several segments, but may be selective about the segments to target. This multi-segment strategy has the benefit of spreading a firm’s hazard and gives it larger presence in an industry. 3. Product Specialization:- A firm specializes in a specific product and vends it to numerous segments. A firm may specialize in water purifiers and may decide to target homes, institutions, commercial research labs, and government establishments. For each market segment it targets the company would have to appropriately modify several elements of the marketing mix, but what it achieves is a strong repute in a particular product area. The disadvantage of this strategy is a technological revolution that may threaten the business of the company. 4. Market Specialization:- A firm concentrates on serving the various requirements of a specific customer group. For example, an online seller of books, who having built up a large customer base, diversifies into selling other products like music, cameras and other such assortments to the customer group. The firm achieves a well-built status in serving this customer group and turns out to be a channel for extra products that the customer segment can utilize. The disadvantage of this strategy is major shift in the attractiveness of the given market segment, would threaten the entire business of the company. 5. Full Market Coverage:- The company tries to cover all market segments through their products. Huge firms can take on a full market coverage approach. Firms can cover the market in two ways: through differentiated marketing or undifferentiated marketing. In undifferentiated marketing, the firm practices mass marketing by going after the entire market with one marketing mix. In differentiated marketing, the firm works in numerous markets, but designs an explicit marketing mix for each market segment, that it selects to target. Example of General Motors:- GM has identified about 40 different ‘customer needs’ and correspondingly, 40 different market segments in which it would present with its vehicles. For example, it has targeted the Pontiac at active, sports-oriented, young couples, the Chevrolet at price-conscious young families, the Oldsmobile at affluent families, and the Buick at older, more conservative couples. 7. Segment-Target-Postion:- The strategic marketing planning process flows from a mission and vision statement to the selection of target markets, and the formulation of specific marketing mix and positioning objective for each product or service the organization will offer. Leading authors like Kotler present the organization as a value creation and delivery sequence. In its first phase, choosing the value, the strategist â€Å"proceeds to segment the market, select the appropriate market target, and develop the offer’s value positioning. The formula – segmentation, targeting, positioning (STP) – is the essence of strategic marketing.† (Kotler, 1994, p. 93). The marketer would draw out the map and decide upon a label for each axis. They could be price (variable one) and quality (variable two), or Comfort (variable one) and price (variable two). The individual products are then mapped out next to each other Any gaps could be regarded as possible areas for new products. 8. EVALUATION OF THE SEGMENTS:- Whether market segmentation is successful or not can be evaluated by the following questions(slidshare.net ankasha 91) 1. Is it sizeable: – Size-wise, the popular segment is a bigger compared to the premium segment. In term of tonnage, of the total market of around 6, 00,000 tones, the popular segment account for 80 percent and the premium segment for the remaining 20 percent. If the firm wants a very large volume, it has to think of the popular segment. At the same time, it has to note that the premium segment too is sizeable, as it account for over 120,000 tones. In term of value, the premium segment is even more sizeable, formerly nearly 30 percent of the total market. Clearly, the segment cannot be ruled out as lacking in size. 2. Is it growing: – Growth rate and likely future position of the segment will be the next consideration in the evaluation processUsually, business firms seek out the high growth segments. Analysis will readily indicate to the firm that in bath soaps, the premium segment happens to be the high growth segment. Whereas the popular segment has been growing at 10 percent per annum, the premium segment has been growing at over 20 percent annum. When this fact is taken into consideration, the firm’s choice may tilt toward the premium segment. 3. Is it profitable: – Next consideration will be the extend of profitability. In the present example, the firms quickly sense that the premium segment is more profitable one. Even a relatively lower volume in the segment may bring in good returns. On the contrary, in the popular segment, a much larger volume will be necessary for the business to be viable, since prices and margins in the segment are low. Another point is that costs of marketing, distribution and promotion in the business are quite high and are constantly on the rise. Costs of launching a new brand are particularly high. The market is very competitive, aggressive promotional support through expensive media like TV becomes essential. 4. Is it accessible: – The firm has to now consider whether the segments are accessible to it. This may need further analysis. The market realities will have to be taken into consideration. The popular segment will be accessible only to the firm with a cost advantage, since price is a major determinant in this segment. Premium segment will be accessible only to firms, which enjoy a differentiation advantage, and which are also marketing savvy. Liril of Hindustan Lever has a commanding position in this segment. At the upper end of the segment, HLL’s Pears and Dove are well entrenched. Several other brands of different companies are competing in the segment. Conclusion:- Principle of market segmentation is that the product and services needs of individual customers differ. Market segmentation involves the grouping of customers together with the aim of better satisfying their needs whilst maintaining economies of scale. It consists of three stages and if properly executed should deliver more satisfied customers, few direct confrontations with competitors, and better designed marketing programmes. Segmentation depends the differentiation of market starategy and the achieve of goals that the main important thing with segment market don’t have achieve the target, market segmentation of different ways that the concludes are Segmentation to helps the market to pick up the market targets and that the differentaion of main thing is bases of segmentation they decided the all level of ages customer needs and wants. Segments must be identifiable so that the market can determine which consumers belong to a segment and which do not This collection refers t o the degree to which a chosen segment is large enough to support profitably a separate marketing program. As was noted preciously a strategy of market segmentation is costly. Thus, one must carefully consider not only the number of customers available in a segment but also the amount of their purchasing power. References:- 1) introduction. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing. 2) Kotler, Philip (1997), Marketing Management, 9th Ed., Prentice Hall, New Jersey. 3) Market Segmentation. slideshare.net,akanksha91,market-segmentation.( student of bhilai business school) 4) MarketSegmentDefinition. http://www.marketsegmentation.co.uk/segmentation_tmsc.html. 5) Levels of market segmentation. http://www.content4reprint.com/marketing/branding/levels-of-market-Segmentation.htm. 6) Levels of market segmentation http://www.mba-tutorials.com/marketing/211-levels-of-market-segmentation..html/ankasha 91 7) Reasons Of Market Segmention: http://tutor2u.net/business/marketing/segmention_why.asp 8) Shewe,charlesed.(2009-2010). Market Can Be Segmented Using Several Bases: http://www.quickmba.com/Marketing/market-segmentation. 9) ankansha 91.(2010). www.slideshare.net91 10) Market Criteria for effective Segmentation in Sales / Marketing Management.http://www.citeman.com/7492 Market-criteria-for-effective-segmentation(2009). 11) ht Jorge A. Restrepo. (1994). Segment-Target-Position. http://www.eurkafacts.com/STPArticle.pdf. 12) Kotler, Philip. Marketing Management, 1997, 9th edition, pp. 249-268. How to cite What is Market Segmentation?, Essay examples

Topics to Write About for Your Freelance Writing Job

Finally! You have a freelance writing job and now its go-time. The blog writing client wants you to pitch ideas for their blog. But, you have no idea what topics to write about for your new client. You dont even know if you can pull this off. You keep telling yourself youre not a freelance writer and that no one will hire you. Now, you actually have a freelance writing client and you have to perform. When I landed my first gig, I had to pitch topics. How do you find relevant topics and what if the client doesnt like any of them? In my experience, if they dont like your pitch, they will pitch you some ideas they had in mind. Currently, most of my clients give me topics to write about, but in the beginning, I did have to pitch and with onboarding new clients I do offer some blog post topics. Here are 10 places you can use to help you come up with topics to write about. Topics to Write About 1. BuzzSumo BuzzSumo is a free search tool to search topics to write about that are popular on social media. If you want your client to be happy with you (and be their go-to writer) one quick way to make sure that happens is to pitch popular topics. How does this help? Well, if you write a post that gets a lot of social shares and traffic, the client will LOVE you! 🙂 To use BuzzSumo, look at your clients niche and search that on BuzzSumo. For example, if your client is in the health and fitness niche I can look up: best yoga positions paleo diet best smoothies for weight loss From the first topic choice, it seems that the most shared post is really niched down (yoga positions for violinists). This can help you develop some ideas for your client like: Best yoga positions for bloggers Best yoga positions to help with easing pregnancy labor Best yoga positions you can do with your child BuzzSumo can also search a blog so you can search your clients blog and see which topics are the most shared. From there you can create more topics to pitch to your client. For example, my client on Blogging Wizard has these popular posts on social media. The most shared are about the psychology of social networks. If I wanted to, I could pitch topics in that niche like: Using psychology principals to increase your income on your blog How you can boost your Instagram Followers with these simple psychology tactics Heres what you need to know about Millennials and buyer psychology Those pitch ideas were just formed in my head as I was thinking about the principals of psychology. Since psychology is my background, I can pick some ideas that relate to online entrepreneurs. 2. Pinterest I love Pinterest! Its a great way to grow your blog and its also a place to get some inspiration and find topics to write about for your freelance writing job. Plus there are some great Pinterest groups for freelance writers. Pinterest is a visual search engine so you can go there and search for any blog topic. For example, if your clients niche is career and business, you can search for ideas around being more productive at work. With this topic, Pinterest gives me a lot of infographics. I can look at those infographics and pick a sub-topic to expand for my client. Maybe social media and distractions are a huge hinder for people at work. You can write a post on apps that stop this distraction, like the Kill News Feed chrome extension for Facebook. There are a lot of ideas using Pinterest for your client topics so make sure not to ignore this search engine! 3. Quora Quora is a question and answer site. People go there to ask a question and others answer. A lot marketers and influencers use Quora to build their credibility, understand their audience, and bring more traffic to their site. But, as a freelance writer, you can use this site to help you form some topics to write about for your freelance client. For example, if your clients product is a tool to help find influencers in your niche, you can look at this topic on Quora and see what questions people have about this subject. From here you can talk about micro-influencers or maybe do a roundup of tools to find influencers and then mention your clients product. 4. Google Trends Google Trends is a free tool to help you find some searchable topics and see its trend over time. While this might not help you find a topic, once you find a topic for your client, you can search some topics in a post youll be writing. For example, if my client agreed for me to write a post on gut healing foods I can search those foods – like bone broth – on Google Trends and put the popular ones in the beginning of my post. Or, I can create a whole post on a highly searchable topic. 5. Use Competitors Sites A quick way to find some good topics to write about for your client is to look at other competitor sites blogs and see what they are talking about. You can also look at similar sites too. For example, if you have a social marketing content client, you can look at: Buffers blog Social Media Today HubSpot Contentlys blog For example, Buffer has a huge guide on Facebook groups. You can pitch to your client some sub-topics about Facebook groups like: How to build engagement with your new Facebook group The perfect daily threads to increase your engagement in your Facebook group Simple ways to market your Facebook group 6. Personal Experience One of the best ways to find topics is from personal experience. It can come from life experience, your job, watching the news, reading books, listening to the radio and talking with your friends. For me, I now have experience in digital marketing and can use that knowledge to create posts around my niche topic (digital marketing). Via my writer website: 7. Blog Posts in Other Niches To find topics to write about for your clients in this way, you need to be reading a lot of other blogs or know other bloggers in different niches. For me, I created a new blog, Twins Mommy, which opened the doors to the mom blogger niche. I like to read other mom blogs and make money blogs to get ideas for my Twins Mommy blog and for my clients. For example, some bloggers write a lot about social media scheduling tools (even I did!). I can use that knowledge of those tools to create posts for my clients. 8. LinkedIn If you have a lot of followers you can look at your home feed and see different topics that might help you get some ideas for pitching to your freelance writing client. LinkedIn also has groups and you can look in those groups and see more blog post ideas. For some reason, I belong to a Travel Blogger Network LI group. Scrolling through the feed I noticed this infographic: If you are in the travel and marketing niche, this is a great post idea. How can travel agencies minimize abandoned carts when people book their travels? Look in LI groups to get some inspiration for your clients posts. 9. Other Freelance Writers (In the Same Niche) I love looking at other freelance writers sites. I like to see their copy, blog, and portfolio. If Im in a pinch, I can look at other freelance writers in the same niche as me and see what types of posts they are writing. For example, Pam Neely has a running log of recent posts shes written for clients: I can look at her list and see if some of these topics to write about are something I can get some inspiration and some ideas. 10. Facebook Groups Im all over Facebook and Facebook groups. Since I work from home and dont really go out too much, I like the networking and support aspect I get with Facebook groups. Since my niche is digital marketing, the two Facebook groups I like are: Persuasion Nation hosted by Mary Fernandez The Badass Solopreneur Society Both of these groups have promo days to share your latest blog post or lead magnet. I can look at the blog posts and get some ideas for my clients. Want More Topics to Write About? Make sure to check out my other post, 37 Blog Post Ideas for Freelance Writers. Get My Free Course on Getting Paid to Write Online

Free Essays on Legalization Of Human Cloning

Research Paper Analysis – Legalization of Human Cloning I. Summary of the Issue Cloning captured the public’s attention when Scottish scientists startled the world in July of 1996 when they announced the birth of a sheep named Dolly, which they had cloned from the nucleus of an adult mammary cell and a sheep egg. Ever since this spectacular event occurred people have been thinking about the possibility of cloning humans. What would a clone be like? His/her physical appearance would be the same as the person he/she was cloned from, but depending on the society it would be brought up in its personality would be totally different. Many people in this decade believe that human cloning should be illegal for many different reasons, but there are many people who think it should be legal. Human cloning is a very sensitive subject with its advantages and disadvantages. II. Precis In his work Cloning of Embryo Stirs Ethical, James Wall, author for the Christian Century states, â€Å"Strictly speaking embryo cloning is a technique used by researchers and animal breeders to split a single embryo into two or more embryos that will have the exact same genetic information (Wall 117).† â€Å"The procedures used in cloning human embryos are very similar to the cloning of animal embryos, except for the zona pellucida. The zona pellucida is a protective protein and polysaccharide membrane that covers the internal contents of the embryo, and provides the necessary nutrients for the first several cell divisions that occur within the embryo. Several sperm cells and mature egg cells are gathered from donors at fertility clinics, and are combined in a petri dish using in vitro fertilization procedures to form an embryo. In an alternate process, already produced embryos are gathered from fertility clinics. The acquired embryo is placed in a petri dish and is all owed to develop into a mass of two to eight cells. Next a chemical solution i... Free Essays on Legalization Of Human Cloning Free Essays on Legalization Of Human Cloning Research Paper Analysis – Legalization of Human Cloning I. Summary of the Issue Cloning captured the public’s attention when Scottish scientists startled the world in July of 1996 when they announced the birth of a sheep named Dolly, which they had cloned from the nucleus of an adult mammary cell and a sheep egg. Ever since this spectacular event occurred people have been thinking about the possibility of cloning humans. What would a clone be like? His/her physical appearance would be the same as the person he/she was cloned from, but depending on the society it would be brought up in its personality would be totally different. Many people in this decade believe that human cloning should be illegal for many different reasons, but there are many people who think it should be legal. Human cloning is a very sensitive subject with its advantages and disadvantages. II. Precis In his work Cloning of Embryo Stirs Ethical, James Wall, author for the Christian Century states, â€Å"Strictly speaking embryo cloning is a technique used by researchers and animal breeders to split a single embryo into two or more embryos that will have the exact same genetic information (Wall 117).† â€Å"The procedures used in cloning human embryos are very similar to the cloning of animal embryos, except for the zona pellucida. The zona pellucida is a protective protein and polysaccharide membrane that covers the internal contents of the embryo, and provides the necessary nutrients for the first several cell divisions that occur within the embryo. Several sperm cells and mature egg cells are gathered from donors at fertility clinics, and are combined in a petri dish using in vitro fertilization procedures to form an embryo. In an alternate process, already produced embryos are gathered from fertility clinics. The acquired embryo is placed in a petri dish and is all owed to develop into a mass of two to eight cells. Next a chemical solution i...

The True Story of David Ghantt and the Loomis Fargo Heist

The True Story of David Ghantt and the Loomis Fargo Heist SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips On the evening of October 4, 1997, one man loaded $17.3 million in cash from the vaults of Loomis, Fargo Co. into the back of a van. When he was done, the man drove off to a nearby printing press, where the money was distributed into private vehicles amongst a handful of people. Pocketing $50,000 for himself, that man, named David Ghantt, hopped into a car of his own and headed towards Mexico. David Scott Ghantt: Vault Supervisor David Scott Ghantt was the vault supervisor at the regional branch of Loomis, Fargo Co. in Charlotte, North Carolina. Before he decided to steal $17 million from the bank, Ghantt had worked for years as a relatively taciturn and compliant employee. Bubbling under the surface, however, was a deep frustration at the way he was treated. Said Ghantt, â€Å"... one day life kinda slapped me in the face. I was working sometimes 75-80 hours a week at $8.15 an hour. I didn’t even have a real home life because I was never there. I was working all the time and unhappy†¦ I felt cornered and one day the joking in the break room about robbing the place suddenly didn’t seem so far-fetched.† Ghantt was joking in the breakroom with fellow Loomis Fargo employee Kelly Campbell. The two struck up a friendship during work that would continue after Campbell left the company. The jokes between Ghantt and Campbell about their disgruntlement with their jobs took on a more serious note when Campbell introduced Ghantt to an old high school classmate of hers named Steve Chambers. According to Campbell, Chambers could help Ghantt execute a massive cash robbery of the vault at Loomis Fargo in one night. Fed up, exhausted, and seeing a way out, Ghantt agreed. The Loomis Fargo Heist Over the next months, Ghantt, Campbell, and Chambers developed a plan. Working by himself, Ghantt would commit the robbery and then flee for Mexico, leaving the bulk of the cash with Chambers. While Ghantt waited for the heat from the robbery to die down, Chambers would send Ghantt small amounts of money. Eventually, Ghantt would return to the United States and the full sum would be split up between the conspirators. On the night of October 4, the plan went into action. Ghantt sent home a new employee and quickly loaded the money into the back of a bank van. After meeting up with Chambers, Campbell, and some other co-conspirators, Ghantt hightailed it to Mexico with $50,000 in cash in his car. He made it across the border just as his deception was discovered. Loomis Fargo Heist Investigation: David Ghantt, Suspect The morning after the height, employees of Loomis Fargo realized they couldn’t open the vault. They called the police, who brought in the FBI, classifying the heist as a bank robbery. From the beginning, the FBI’s prime suspect was David Ghantt. Not only was Ghantt the only unaccounted for employee the morning after the heist, there was also footage of Ghantt moving the cash into the back of the Loomis Fargo van. Two days after the heist, the FBI found the missing van with $3.3 million of cash left in it. Ghantt and his compatriots, it turns out, had underestimated how bulky money is. They left behind the cash they couldn’t fit in their cars. The FBI quickly connected Ghantt to Campbell, who was a former Loomis Fargo employee. The connection to Chambers took more time. Anonymous tips had the FBI monitoring Chambers’ calls. Eventually, Ghantt called in from Mexico, seeking more money, and the FBI officially recognized Chambers as a co-conspirator. Chambers, it turned out, became the biggest source of evidence for the FBI. In addition to his phone calls with Ghantt, Chambers began extravagantly spending the money, even though the co-conspirators had agreed to lay low for a year or two. Together with his wife, Chambers bought a new luxury home (upgrading from his mobile home), a BMW Z3, and some extravagant furnishings. Chambers’ wife, Michelle, bought a minivan in cash and began taking frequent trips to the bank to make deposits. While she made small deposits at first, she became more reckless, eventually making a deposit of thousands of dollars in cash, telling the teller not to worry: â€Å"It’s not drug money.† No Honor Among Thieves Across the border in Mexico, Ghantt was also living it up. He stayed at a luxury hotel and took scuba diving lesson. Having only brought $50,000 in cash, however, Ghantt soon found himself short on funds. When Ghantt called Chambers to have the latter wire him more money, Chambers sent just a few thousand dollars. As the FBI listened in to Chambers’ calls, they discovered that he was also planning to have Ghantt assassinated, hoping to keep all the money for himself. The FBI knew they needed to make their move. On March 1, 1988, Mexican police arrested Ghantt at Playa del Carmen. The next day, the Chambers’, Campbell, and some other notable parties were arrested in Charlotte. Ten days later, the group was indicted for bank larceny and money laundering. Thirteen friends and family members were also charged with money laundering, as they had helped Ghantt, Chambers, Campbell, and the others deposit money illegally. All of the defendants except for one pleaded guilty and accepted their sentences. Some of the friends and family members received parole, while Ghantt was sentenced to seven and a half years in prison. He completed his prison sentence in November 2006. Loomis Fargo Heist: Legacy The Loomis Fargo heist became something of a media lightning rod. The details of the heist itself, coupled with the missteps the crew made after stealing the money, attracted the attention of writers and movie producers. A comedy film called Masterminds, based on the Loomis Fargo heist and starring Zach Galifianakis, Kristen Wiig, Owen Wilson, and Jason Sudeikis, was released in 2016. David Ghantt attended the premiere. What's Next? Learning about US history? If so,check out some of these books on our AP History Exam reading list. One of the best ways to learn more about U.S. history is to make sure you’re taking history classes. Most high schools offer a variety of history classes, so make sure you’re taking the right ones for you. Did you know that the SAT offers subject exams, too? This article will teach you more about the SAT subject tests and help you decide whether you should take them.

Academic Report and Financial Calculations 04033 Essay

Academic Report and Financial Calculations 04033 - Essay Example Its appropriateness is examined and the benefit is extracted so as to decipher whether it is acceptable by the company in the present situation (Schlingemann, Stulz and Walkling, 2009; Valipour, Moradi and Farsi, 2012). This is essential for developing a strong business relation between the suppliers and companies. The suppliers should abide the policies that are followed by the company. Similar case is seen in the case study of LJC Ltd. LJC Ltd is fruit and vegetable supplier, who aims at delivering value and good quality handpicked fruits and vegetables to the small retailers. Though it is a family run business, but it has seen success in the past 80 years through their business operation as a constant effort to connect to big companies. LJC Ltd is trying to negotiate with the small supermarket chain known as Co-share for the past twelve months. The deal is to manage the fruit and vegetable packing and distribution of Co-share. Co-share has 160 stores that are operating in South East and Midlands. The company is very strict regarding the business ethics and the fair trade policies. For LJC Ltd, the contract will increase the volume of products, which are managed by the business. In order to assist Co-share in their business, LJC Ltd has to use fair trade products and develop best HR practices such as equality policies and staff development. Project A and B is evaluated for identifying the best project for LJC Ltd. Payback period is the span of time, which is required for recovering cost of investment that is made by a company (Valerie, Cook and Ali, 2010; Marić, Kamberović and Radlovacki, 2011; Amihud and Mendelson, 2010; Arshad, 2012; Easley and O’Hara, 2009). As per Appendix 1a, it is observed that the project A will incur positive cumulative cash flow in the third year. Therefore, payback is calculated on the basis of the positive cash flow that is incurred from the project. The cumulative cash flow at the end of 4th year is  £ 60500. Therefore, by

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leadership - Essay Example They have to sense the opportunities on the right time so that they can act on them. He highlights three important steps in order to become a successful leader which are to notice the opportunity, deciding about it and then determining as to what is to be done. This whole process requires interpretation and a leader should successfully be able to interpret. Bolman and Deals presents a somewhat similar situation of leadership in their article. They put forward that the most important aspect of leadership is the dealing with challenges. In other words the leaders have to act in the right manner to handle these challenges as Gallos has said. Bolman and Deals have further clarified the concept of Gallos by introducing the aspect of reframing leadership. Reframing according to them is a process through which leaders can analyze the situation from different perspectives. This process can help the leaders to take a competitive step by analyzing the whole situation and in other words carry o ut the process of sense making. Kouzes and Posner on the other hand put five principles which should be followed by the leaders to become a successful leader. Their view of organizational leadership revolves around these five principles. The leaders should model the way, inspire a shared vision, challenge the process, enable others to act and encourage the heart to be successful. Kouzes and Posner like other authors give a specific way through which they can be successful. In the principle of challenging the process they talk about experiments through which the leaders can sense as to what they have to do in the future. a.What are the primary differences?   The differences between their views is significant. Kouzes and Posner believe in following the five principles of leadership whereas Bolman and Deals believe in reframing leadership by analyzing a situation from different perspectives. Gallos on the other hand believes that a successful leader has to have the right sense making capabilities to take advantage of the situation. Kouzes and Posner give certain steps which can be further exemplified with other leadership styles. They give a step by step commitment process which has to be followed by the leaders whereas Gallos and Deals do not give a step by step process. b.How can B & Ds work and that of Gallos be used to strengthen the perspective of the Kouzes and Posner leadership model? Be sure to provide enough explanation to let me know that you understand the intricacies of each of these authors perspectives.    The work of Kouzes and Posner is a piece which gives specific guidelines to the leaders so that they can be successful. But on the other hand the theories of B & D and Gallos can be integrated into the work of Kouzes and Posner to strengthen it. The work of Kouzes and Posner revolves around the ethics of the leader and involves a lot of risks if they challenge the process as it may result in mistakes. It tells that all the workers should work as a team with the leader so that he can be successful. The leader should create a shared vision with his followers so that they are interested in working as much as the leader is. Power and discretion should also be shared by the leader so that their interest is created. And lastly encouragement is also necessary as put forward by Kouzes and Posner. All these steps are necessary for an effective leader but the process of reframing and sense making can be introduced in these

Issues in the UK: Gender Pay Gap, UK Underclass and Racism

Issues in the UK: Gender Pay Gap, UK Underclass and Racism What is the gender pay gap and why does it occur? Gender pay gap has been a contentious issue for the last two decades, the recent the international womens day celebration brought the issue into spotlight. Gender pay gap simply the differences in wages paid to men and women. The advocate of gender pay gap argued that men are paid more money than women for the same job, in other word, it is immoral and create inequality in the society. The cent study conducted by the European Union Commission on pay structure across the member states indicated that the main cause of gender pay gap is the way women competencies are measured against men. For instance, jobs that are required limited skills or qualification are undervalued and poorly paid because they are dominated by women. In addition, jobs in the construction companies are dominated by men and the wages structure is higher when compared to jobs like cleaning, cooking or even nursing. This is because employers judge people based on their physicality in this jobs rather than the skills and knowledge of the employer. Another example, is most individual that works as a cashier in the supermarket are women, while men tends to work in the warehouse, stacking shelve and other role that require physical ability, the comparison is the women are pay less because they work on the till compared to men that are involved in physical task. Drolet and Mumford (2011) indicated that gender pay gap is influenced by different factors such as discrimination, stereotyping, family and societal factors. The scholar argued that most women are likely to work in part-time compared to men because they have to undertake other roles such as caring for their children, parent or taking an unpaid job in the society. Hence, because of their limited commitment to work, it is difficult for them to attain managerial roles. The Office for National Statistic figures on earning in 2016 shows that 26% of women earn less than men which indicated that women in full time employment earn less than men by  £5,732. Rubery(2015) suggested that gender pay gap is caused by the kind of occupation and industry were women seek work. He argued that women are more commitment to health and social care organisations because they are good with been compassionate and empathy compared with scientific or high tech industries that nurture and pay their employees more for their expertise. Most of the employees of high tech organisations are dominated by men because of the long hours and commitment required for their role. There are many factors that causes gender pay gap, and it essential to have an in-depth understanding of the causes of the problem in order to make any suggestions on how the government and organisation can work together to limit or eliminate pay inequality and stereotyping in our society. One of the main factor of gender pay gap is discrimination, and this could be direct or indirect discrimination. Some organisations prefer to employ men because they are more committed to their job, because of this, they pay them more money and more also, men do not usually take time off to take care of their children or parents compared to women. Recent study conducted by Fawcett Society shows that women are unfairly especially when they return back from maternity. A record number of women are forced to leave their job after having a baby because of poor treatment at work. (Fawcettsociety, 2017). Secondly, womens competences and skills are undervalued, men in the same or similarly role with the same qualification are paid more than women. For instance, Birmingham Council was forced to pay compensation to predominantly women workers such as cook, cleaners, care staff etc. because they were denied bonuses compared to men that works as refuse collector, road workers and street cleaners. The bonus was based on the physical task of the role rather than the skill and knowledge of the individual. On other factor is that women take up more responsibilities that men when it comes to the society and caring. Women have to balance between taking care of their family and work, and tend to work part time because they share Unequal caring responsibilities with men. The argument is that women play a greater role in caring for children, as well as for sick or elderly relatives, as a result they take up mostly part time role that are generally lower paid job with limited progression opportunit ies (Fawcettsociety, 2017). The introduction of Equality Act 2010 has strengthened the right of women in the workplace. It is unlawful for an organisation to discriminate against an individual because of their gender or sex (Dawson, 2014). Likewise, either man or woman should be given equal of opportunity to fulfil their potential. Meaning organisations or employers have to be flexible and consider that women play more role in the society such as taking care of their and parents, and make their job flexible and create a platform for them to progress to managerial role. It should not be based on the hour you put in, but the quality of the work. What is institutional racism in policing? How can we address this issue? The word institutional racism gain prominence during Macphersons report for the racist murder of Stephen Lawrence. Although, it has been used extensively by some scholars study on racism in the past. The findings of the report indicated organisations especially in the public sectors is riddled with institutional racism such as stereotyping, fear and contempt for ordinary people especially a black people (Ray, Smith and Wastell, 1999).MacPherson refers to institutional racism as the collective failure of an organisation to provide an appropriate and professional service to people because of their colour, culture, or ethnic origin, and went on to conclude, It can be seen or detected in processes, attitudes and behaviour which amount to discrimination through unwitting prejudice, ignorance, thoughtlessness and racist stereotyping which disadvantage minority ethnic people (Ray, Smith and Wastell, 1999). According to Souhami (2012), stereotyping and discrimination are factors associated with institutional racism. It is about typecasting people because of their race, colour, religion or nationality. Regarding, Macpherson report, black people are not provided the same level of service provided to white citizens by the police force because of the stereotyping approach employed by the Metropolitan police. Black citizens are classified as people with riddled with crime and drugs, which was one of the reason why Stephen Lawrence case was not taken seriously at the beginning. Hence, it can be argued that institutional racism is has link with stereotyping, ignorance of people and social inequality or diversity. Research has shown that United Kingdom one of the diverse and multicultural country in the world, however many institution including the police are yet to accurately reflect the countrys diversity within their workforce, particularly at the managerial levels. Research conducted by Souhami (2012) on institutional racism and police reform: an empirical critique, Policing and Society revealed that white applicant into the police force are more likely to get a better chance of getting job and progress to the managerial level compared to people from the minority group. In addition, the newly published data from the Office for National Statistic indicated that 32 of Britains 45 territorial police forces employed a greater proportion of white applicants that other ethnicity that identify themselves as being from a BAME background (Ons, 2017). The findings were supported by the Londons Metropolitan Police chief, Sir Bernard Hogan-Howe who pointed that police chiefs in every part of the country has to be held accountable for failing to recruit people of their groups of the society that can positively reflect the communities they serve (Dodd, 2017) Dealing with institutional racism requires wider effort of the public and private sectors, schools, communities by educating people about the importance of diversity, and learning to understand and respect others people beliefs, culture or value. To mitigate against institutional racism in the police, the organisation has to embark on training their workforce on the importance of equality and diversity in the society. More also, the police force need to deploy a recruitment and selection process that will allow underrepresented groups to have a chance of getting employment and progression to the senior level of management in the police force. An independent body should also handle the complaints against the police for any investigation about racism or discrimination is transparency and credible in order to gain back the trust of the public. Officers that displayed violent behaviour against black people or other ethnicity should be prosecuted and face the consequences of their actions . In regard to the figures of ethnicity in the police force, the management should create progression route for minorities that apply to join the police for them to be part of the management, training and development to enhance their skills. Additionally, positive steps should be taken to drive recruitment of underrepresented groups in order to reflect the diversity of the nation. Continuous training should be provided on equality and diversity for new and current employees to promote equality and diversity in the police force. To reform and create a dynamic workforce, the police force can set up a cultural day whereby employees are encouraged to bring their traditional food, wear their attires and share their cultures and values with their peers. This will help police force employees to understand diversity in their own practice which can be demonstrated in the public. Does the UK have an underclass? Recently, there have been a lot of debates about social inequality and isolation in the UK politics. Social inequality is described the extent to which there are differences between groups in society (Amin and Sabermahani, 2017). It occurs in employment, life expectancy, access to education, business loans, mortality or morbidity rate. Some groups of the society are faced with the issues of struggle with social inequality in the sense that they do not have access to the same opportunity like others. The London riot in August 2011 was caused by social inequality because most the rioters came from poor and deprived areas with limited opportunity, lack of education and neighbourhood blighted with drugs (Liu and Bloom, 2006). The findings show that most of rioters came from neighbourhoods which were ethnically diverse or fractionalized. By going the definition of underclass by Lawrence M. Mead, in his book Beyond Entitlement, underclass as group of people who are poor and behaviourally d eficient, the rioters fit into this category (Mead, 1998). However, been poor does not necessarily mean an individual will have behaviour problems. The case of rioters as underclass was caused by social inequality and isolation by the government. In Britain, the media hep to promote the image of an underclass as someone on benefit that have cultivated the culture of poverty and laziness. Programmes like Benefits Britain: Life on The Dole, Benefits Street, Skint and Saints and Scroungers help also help to promote the idea of an underclass by providing real world examples and images (Donaldson, 2014) The word underclass is an ambiguous, impudent and subjective. According to Myrdal (1982), a Swedish social scientist refers to underclass as the class of unemployed, unemployables, and unemployed who are more and more hopelessly set apart from the nation at large and do not share in its life, its ambitions and its achievements. Mead (1998) defines underclass as a group that is poor and behaviourally deficient. He describes the underclass as dysfunctional. The underclass group are usually delineated and associated with people that have low aspirations, unemployed, lazy, have criminal record and poorly educated as well as coming from a family with instability and drug and alcohol addictions. However, the so call underclass group in Britain tend to have experience various forms of inequality and disadvantage in the labour market. They are very low wages, live in deprived areas with less opportunity and some end been addicted to drug because of low self-esteem. Murray (2008), in his book Losing Ground argued that welfare dependency has encouraged the break-up of the nuclear family household, and socialisation into a counter-culture which devalues work and encourages dependency and criminality. Lewis (2000) on the other hand, believes that culture of poverty is part of the coping strategies by which the poorest of the poor managed to survive. He argued that once an individual embrace this culture, it is difficult for them to break from it, hence making such individual to be an underclass. The scholar view culture of poverty as historically specific, emerging out of the problems of societal transition and the breakdown of the social order in an industrial/capitalist society. The culture of poverty theory states that living in conditions of pervasive poverty will lead to the development of a culture or subculture adapted to those conditions. This culture is characterized by pervasive feelings of helplessness, dependency, marginality, and powerlessness (Lewis, 2000). However, In Britain, the underclass group live in deprived areas of the country where there is less opportunity, fewer jobs, community is usually faced with drug and alcohol addiction as well as people with low self-esteem and peer pressure from there be part of the same group. Did they bring this problem up themselves? Wilson (2012) argued that Wilson argues that when communities experience widespread joblessness, they experience a social isolation that excludes them from the job network system. Wilson (2012) indicated that the main issue facing members of the underclass is joblessness reinforced by an increasing social isolation in an impoverished neighbourhood. They not only suffer from lower socioeconomic status, minimal education, and lack of opportunities, but they are further victimized by a lack of community safeguards and resources. The UK government help to create underclass group in the society because of social inequality, lack of opportunity and equality for certain group of people. They were seen as a problem group and given handout to keep satisfied without any real hope of integration into the main stream of the society. There are many factors to the problem, institutional racism where some people or individual typecast as not fit for purpose, stereotyping and lack of equality and diversity in every spectrum of the society. So yes, UK have an underclass group. References Atiba Goff, P. and Barsamian Kahn, K. (2012). Racial Bias in Policing: Why We Know Less Than We Should. Social Issues and Policy Review, 6(1), pp.177-210. Dawson, T. (2014). Collective Bargaining and the Gender Pay Gap in the Printing Industry. Gender, Work Organization, 21(5), pp.381-394. Dodd, V. (2017). Bernard Hogan-Howe to retire as Met police commissioner. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/sep/29/sir-bernard-hogan-howe-to-retire-as-met-police-commissioner [Accessed 8 Mar. 2017]. Drolet, M. and Mumford, K. (2011). The Gender Pay Gap for Private-Sector Employees in Canada and Britain. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 50(3), pp.529-553. Fawcettsociety.org.uk. (2017). Cite a Website Cite This For Me. [online] Available at: http://www.fawcettsociety.org.uk/policy-research/the-gender-pay-gap/ [Accessed 8 Mar. 2017]. Lewis, O. (2000). Five families; Mexican case studies in the culture of poverty. 1st ed. New York, NY: Basic Books. Mead, L. (1998). The new politics of poverty. 1st ed. New York, NY: Basic Books. Murray, C. (2008). Real education. 1st ed. New York: Crown Forum. Myrdal, G. (1982). Beyond the welfare state. 1st ed. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. Neyroud, P. (2014). Policing Facts and Policing Evidence: System 1 and System 2. Policing, 8(2), pp.93-95. Ons.gov.uk. (2017). Gender pay gap by age in the UK- Office for National Statistics. [online]Availableat:https://www.ons.gov.uk/aboutus/transparencyandgovernance/freedomofinformationfoi/genderpaygapbyageintheuk [Accessed 8 Mar. 2017]. Ray, L., Smith, D. and Wastell, L. (1999). The Macpherson Report: A View from Greater Manchester. Sociological Research Online, 4(4). Rubery, J. (2015). Closing the Gender Pay Gap in the EU. Intereconomics, 50(2), pp.62-63. Souhami, A. (2012). Institutional racism and police reform: an empirical critique. Policing and Society, 24(1), pp.1-21. Wilson, W. (2012). Truly Disadvantaged. 1st ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Florence Nightingale Essay

Florence Nightingale was a revolutionary nurse leader in her time. She was an activist for the â€Å"sick poor† (Monteiro, 1985, p. 181) who had the forethought, organization, planning, skills, knowledge, and determination to accomplish great strides in public health and nurse training. She was not just an activist for a specific gender or race, but she was an advocate for the general health and well-being of humanity. Her work still inspires nursing today and has laid the foundation for many nurse theories still relevant for what is now more than a hundred years after her death. History and Contributions Florence Nightingale was born in 1820 to an upper-class family in England. Florence’s childhood years were spent bringing aid to the less fortunate. She left home at the age of thirty to begin a 3-year nurse training program in Kaiserswerth, Germany (Chitty & Black, 2011, p. 29). Florence is best known for her work in the Crimean War where she and a group of untrained women went to assist the wounded and sick soldiers in Scutari, Turkey. While in Scutari, her theory surrounding the impact that environment had on health began to take shape. She used her understanding of the impact of environment on health, coupled with statistical evidence she gathered while caring for the soldiers, to bring change to the British Army (Chitty & Black, 2011, p. 30). Her experience during the Crimean War would prove to be invaluable to her later work in London. The Crimean War ignited a passion in Florence Nightingale to pursue the proper training for nurses. It was her belief that nursing could not be accomplished by well-meaning, upper-class women who came to bring aid to the â€Å"sick poor† (Monteiro, 1985, p. 184). In her words, â€Å"there is no such thing as amateur nursing† and â€Å"nursing was an art requiring an organized, practical, and specific training† (Monteiro, 1985, p. 184). In 1860, Florence began a nurses’ training program at St. Thomas’ Hospital in London. Her training program was the first of many of its kind in England and in the United States (Chitty & Black, 2011, p. 30). Florence would go on to pursue social reform in London and Liverpool where workhouses housed infirmaries that were rampant with infectious diseases. In 1864, there were 1,200 â€Å"sick poor† being housed together in a Liverpool workhouse infirmary (Monteiro, 1985, p. 181). Florence was asked by William Rathbone, a wealthy merchant, to devise public policy that would address the conditions these â€Å"sick poor† were living in. Her first recommendation to Rathbone was that he start a training school for nurses so that the problem in Liverpool could have long-term attention from properly trained nurses. Florence agreed to help and began with a questionnaire for all of the workhouses to assess the actual state that they were in. According to Florence, the questionnaire â€Å"revealed facts so shameful that they could not be ignored† (Monteiro, 1985, p. 182). Her plan involved dividing the sick into four categories and quarantining them from the rest of the workhouse inhabitants, establishing one administration over all the workhouses to maintain continuity, and raising funds through taxes to cover the expenses involved in caring for the â€Å"sick poor† (Monteiro, 1985, p. 182). While her plan was reasonable, it was met with political opposition in London and soon a leadership change would decline it’s acceptance into â€Å"Poor Law†. Later, the new leader, Gathorne Hardy, would write his own policy that somewhat resembled Florence’s. His policy made it into law and brought forth the beginning of change in London. Liverpool, however, was enforcing Florence’s plan and was seeing positive results. One of the graduates of the St. Thomas nursing school, Agnes Jones, was placed as the Superintendent over the Liverpool workhouse infirmaries along with twelve other trained nurses to assist her. Florence would continue her pursuit of establishing the nurse’s proper role in public health and the nurse’s proper training in eleven writings that she authored until her last in 1897. Summary Florence Nightingale had a central theme from the time of the Crimean War to her work in London and Liverpool: trained nurses were an absolute necessity and that the sick should be met where their sicknesses began, at home. She believed that teaching the poor to be clean and find assistance with sanitation would deter the many infectious diseases that were prevalent in her time. She taught others and she herself sought to teach them in their own environment, their homes. This would later be called Public Health Nursing. Not only did Florence Nightingale forge the way for nurse education but she also brought necessary focus to Public Health Nursing that is still impacting nurses and our communities today. In 1894 Florence is quoted as saying, â€Å"it is cheaper to promote health than to maintain people in sickness† (Monteiro, 1985, p. 185). Her words still ring true today. References Chitty, K. K., & Black, B. P. (2011). The History and Social Context of Nursing. In M. Iannuzzi (Ed.), Professional Nursing: Concepts & Challenges (6th ed., pp. 29-30). Maryland Heights, Missouri: Saunders Elsevier. Monteiro, L. A. (1985, February). Florence Nightingale on Public Health. American Journal of Public Health, 75(2), 181-186. doi: http://ajph.aphapublicati

Review Of Seven Is Greater Than Five Is Valid, But...

PHIL 145 ASSIGNMENT # 3 Part 1: 1. Any argument with the conclusion â€Å"Seven is greater than five† is valid, but some such arguments are not sound. †¨ Answer: True. The argument with the conclusion â€Å"Seven is greater than five† is valid but in some instances may not be sound. This is because we check that an argument is sound by if its first valid and then if all its premises are true. Thus, sound arguments are known to end up with true conclusions. Although in this case some arguments with the conclusion â€Å"seven is greater than five† may not be sound because if for instance, one of the premise states that everything seven is greater than everything 5. This premise will be false because seven centimeters is less than 5 meters/ seven ten dollar bills are less than 5 twenty dollar bills. Therefore, since the premise will not hold true, an argument as such will not be sound. 2. Every set of sentences that includes a logically false sentence is inconsistent. †¨ Answer: True. A set of sentences is consistent when all the sentences are simultaneously true. However, when a sentence is logically false, it means that it is not possible for the sentence to be true. Thus, the sentence won’t be true in any case and the set of sentences will be inconsistent. 3. If two sentences are both true, they are logically equivalent. †¨ Answer: False. Two sentences are logically equivalent if it is not possible for the two sentences to have different truth-values. If two sentences are true butShow MoreRelatedHow To Write Literary Analysis4174 Words   |  17 Pagesmight find yourself reading to get caught up in an exciting story, to learn about an interesting time or place, or just to pass time. Maybe you’re looking for inspiration, guidance, or a reflection of your own life. There are as many different, valid ways of reading a book as there are books in the world. 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Theories Of Personality And Personality Theory - 4645 Words

Abstract This is an explanatory informative paper that explores theories of personality. The investigation that is included explains different views from past and present psychologists, from two different theories used in class during the semester. It is prevalent that a person development can suffer from behavioral and psychodynamic problems due to inconsistencies in their life growing up. This paper will discuss an eclectic view of ones personality in conjunct with a formulation of my own personality theory of development. Introduction Life can sometimes become unpredictable, when it comes to personality it can vary between individuals to the point some people may be viewed as abnormal. Personality can be defined as the†¦show more content†¦But some theories you can syndicate some notional framework. A therapist can use cognitive-Behavioral and psychodynamic tactics to upsurge the effectiveness of management (Tursi Cochran, 2006). Palmer and woolfe (1999) make it clear the dissimilarity between integrative and diverse attitudes, amalgamation propose that the fundamentals are part of one collective tactic to theory and rehearsal as divergent to extensiveness which draws ad hoc from several styles in the methodology to a precise case. Psychotherapy’s eclectic specialists are not destined by theories, they may use different styles, what they trust or feel or involvement tells them will work best, either in general or suiting the often immediate needs of individual clients, and working within their own penchants and aptitudes and specialists. Adler’s Biography Alfred Adler was born in Vienna in 1870, of Jewish parents According to Rietveld (2004) and died in 1937. Adler was the father of the model of the inferiority complex. In 1902, Sigmund Freud invited him to join a psychoanalytic discussion group. 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