Topics to Write About for Your Freelance Writing Job

Finally! You have a freelance writing job and now its go-time. The blog writing client wants you to pitch ideas for their blog. But, you have no idea what topics to write about for your new client. You dont even know if you can pull this off. You keep telling yourself youre not a freelance writer and that no one will hire you. Now, you actually have a freelance writing client and you have to perform. When I landed my first gig, I had to pitch topics. How do you find relevant topics and what if the client doesnt like any of them? In my experience, if they dont like your pitch, they will pitch you some ideas they had in mind. Currently, most of my clients give me topics to write about, but in the beginning, I did have to pitch and with onboarding new clients I do offer some blog post topics. Here are 10 places you can use to help you come up with topics to write about. Topics to Write About 1. BuzzSumo BuzzSumo is a free search tool to search topics to write about that are popular on social media. If you want your client to be happy with you (and be their go-to writer) one quick way to make sure that happens is to pitch popular topics. How does this help? Well, if you write a post that gets a lot of social shares and traffic, the client will LOVE you! 🙂 To use BuzzSumo, look at your clients niche and search that on BuzzSumo. For example, if your client is in the health and fitness niche I can look up: best yoga positions paleo diet best smoothies for weight loss From the first topic choice, it seems that the most shared post is really niched down (yoga positions for violinists). This can help you develop some ideas for your client like: Best yoga positions for bloggers Best yoga positions to help with easing pregnancy labor Best yoga positions you can do with your child BuzzSumo can also search a blog so you can search your clients blog and see which topics are the most shared. From there you can create more topics to pitch to your client. For example, my client on Blogging Wizard has these popular posts on social media. The most shared are about the psychology of social networks. If I wanted to, I could pitch topics in that niche like: Using psychology principals to increase your income on your blog How you can boost your Instagram Followers with these simple psychology tactics Heres what you need to know about Millennials and buyer psychology Those pitch ideas were just formed in my head as I was thinking about the principals of psychology. Since psychology is my background, I can pick some ideas that relate to online entrepreneurs. 2. Pinterest I love Pinterest! Its a great way to grow your blog and its also a place to get some inspiration and find topics to write about for your freelance writing job. Plus there are some great Pinterest groups for freelance writers. Pinterest is a visual search engine so you can go there and search for any blog topic. For example, if your clients niche is career and business, you can search for ideas around being more productive at work. With this topic, Pinterest gives me a lot of infographics. I can look at those infographics and pick a sub-topic to expand for my client. Maybe social media and distractions are a huge hinder for people at work. You can write a post on apps that stop this distraction, like the Kill News Feed chrome extension for Facebook. There are a lot of ideas using Pinterest for your client topics so make sure not to ignore this search engine! 3. Quora Quora is a question and answer site. People go there to ask a question and others answer. A lot marketers and influencers use Quora to build their credibility, understand their audience, and bring more traffic to their site. But, as a freelance writer, you can use this site to help you form some topics to write about for your freelance client. For example, if your clients product is a tool to help find influencers in your niche, you can look at this topic on Quora and see what questions people have about this subject. From here you can talk about micro-influencers or maybe do a roundup of tools to find influencers and then mention your clients product. 4. Google Trends Google Trends is a free tool to help you find some searchable topics and see its trend over time. While this might not help you find a topic, once you find a topic for your client, you can search some topics in a post youll be writing. For example, if my client agreed for me to write a post on gut healing foods I can search those foods – like bone broth – on Google Trends and put the popular ones in the beginning of my post. Or, I can create a whole post on a highly searchable topic. 5. Use Competitors Sites A quick way to find some good topics to write about for your client is to look at other competitor sites blogs and see what they are talking about. You can also look at similar sites too. For example, if you have a social marketing content client, you can look at: Buffers blog Social Media Today HubSpot Contentlys blog For example, Buffer has a huge guide on Facebook groups. You can pitch to your client some sub-topics about Facebook groups like: How to build engagement with your new Facebook group The perfect daily threads to increase your engagement in your Facebook group Simple ways to market your Facebook group 6. Personal Experience One of the best ways to find topics is from personal experience. It can come from life experience, your job, watching the news, reading books, listening to the radio and talking with your friends. For me, I now have experience in digital marketing and can use that knowledge to create posts around my niche topic (digital marketing). Via my writer website: 7. Blog Posts in Other Niches To find topics to write about for your clients in this way, you need to be reading a lot of other blogs or know other bloggers in different niches. For me, I created a new blog, Twins Mommy, which opened the doors to the mom blogger niche. I like to read other mom blogs and make money blogs to get ideas for my Twins Mommy blog and for my clients. For example, some bloggers write a lot about social media scheduling tools (even I did!). I can use that knowledge of those tools to create posts for my clients. 8. LinkedIn If you have a lot of followers you can look at your home feed and see different topics that might help you get some ideas for pitching to your freelance writing client. LinkedIn also has groups and you can look in those groups and see more blog post ideas. For some reason, I belong to a Travel Blogger Network LI group. Scrolling through the feed I noticed this infographic: If you are in the travel and marketing niche, this is a great post idea. How can travel agencies minimize abandoned carts when people book their travels? Look in LI groups to get some inspiration for your clients posts. 9. Other Freelance Writers (In the Same Niche) I love looking at other freelance writers sites. I like to see their copy, blog, and portfolio. If Im in a pinch, I can look at other freelance writers in the same niche as me and see what types of posts they are writing. For example, Pam Neely has a running log of recent posts shes written for clients: I can look at her list and see if some of these topics to write about are something I can get some inspiration and some ideas. 10. Facebook Groups Im all over Facebook and Facebook groups. Since I work from home and dont really go out too much, I like the networking and support aspect I get with Facebook groups. Since my niche is digital marketing, the two Facebook groups I like are: Persuasion Nation hosted by Mary Fernandez The Badass Solopreneur Society Both of these groups have promo days to share your latest blog post or lead magnet. I can look at the blog posts and get some ideas for my clients. Want More Topics to Write About? Make sure to check out my other post, 37 Blog Post Ideas for Freelance Writers. Get My Free Course on Getting Paid to Write Online

Free Essays on Legalization Of Human Cloning

Research Paper Analysis – Legalization of Human Cloning I. Summary of the Issue Cloning captured the public’s attention when Scottish scientists startled the world in July of 1996 when they announced the birth of a sheep named Dolly, which they had cloned from the nucleus of an adult mammary cell and a sheep egg. Ever since this spectacular event occurred people have been thinking about the possibility of cloning humans. What would a clone be like? His/her physical appearance would be the same as the person he/she was cloned from, but depending on the society it would be brought up in its personality would be totally different. Many people in this decade believe that human cloning should be illegal for many different reasons, but there are many people who think it should be legal. Human cloning is a very sensitive subject with its advantages and disadvantages. II. Precis In his work Cloning of Embryo Stirs Ethical, James Wall, author for the Christian Century states, â€Å"Strictly speaking embryo cloning is a technique used by researchers and animal breeders to split a single embryo into two or more embryos that will have the exact same genetic information (Wall 117).† â€Å"The procedures used in cloning human embryos are very similar to the cloning of animal embryos, except for the zona pellucida. The zona pellucida is a protective protein and polysaccharide membrane that covers the internal contents of the embryo, and provides the necessary nutrients for the first several cell divisions that occur within the embryo. Several sperm cells and mature egg cells are gathered from donors at fertility clinics, and are combined in a petri dish using in vitro fertilization procedures to form an embryo. In an alternate process, already produced embryos are gathered from fertility clinics. The acquired embryo is placed in a petri dish and is all owed to develop into a mass of two to eight cells. Next a chemical solution i... Free Essays on Legalization Of Human Cloning Free Essays on Legalization Of Human Cloning Research Paper Analysis – Legalization of Human Cloning I. Summary of the Issue Cloning captured the public’s attention when Scottish scientists startled the world in July of 1996 when they announced the birth of a sheep named Dolly, which they had cloned from the nucleus of an adult mammary cell and a sheep egg. Ever since this spectacular event occurred people have been thinking about the possibility of cloning humans. What would a clone be like? His/her physical appearance would be the same as the person he/she was cloned from, but depending on the society it would be brought up in its personality would be totally different. Many people in this decade believe that human cloning should be illegal for many different reasons, but there are many people who think it should be legal. Human cloning is a very sensitive subject with its advantages and disadvantages. II. Precis In his work Cloning of Embryo Stirs Ethical, James Wall, author for the Christian Century states, â€Å"Strictly speaking embryo cloning is a technique used by researchers and animal breeders to split a single embryo into two or more embryos that will have the exact same genetic information (Wall 117).† â€Å"The procedures used in cloning human embryos are very similar to the cloning of animal embryos, except for the zona pellucida. The zona pellucida is a protective protein and polysaccharide membrane that covers the internal contents of the embryo, and provides the necessary nutrients for the first several cell divisions that occur within the embryo. Several sperm cells and mature egg cells are gathered from donors at fertility clinics, and are combined in a petri dish using in vitro fertilization procedures to form an embryo. In an alternate process, already produced embryos are gathered from fertility clinics. The acquired embryo is placed in a petri dish and is all owed to develop into a mass of two to eight cells. Next a chemical solution i...

The True Story of David Ghantt and the Loomis Fargo Heist

The True Story of David Ghantt and the Loomis Fargo Heist SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips On the evening of October 4, 1997, one man loaded $17.3 million in cash from the vaults of Loomis, Fargo Co. into the back of a van. When he was done, the man drove off to a nearby printing press, where the money was distributed into private vehicles amongst a handful of people. Pocketing $50,000 for himself, that man, named David Ghantt, hopped into a car of his own and headed towards Mexico. David Scott Ghantt: Vault Supervisor David Scott Ghantt was the vault supervisor at the regional branch of Loomis, Fargo Co. in Charlotte, North Carolina. Before he decided to steal $17 million from the bank, Ghantt had worked for years as a relatively taciturn and compliant employee. Bubbling under the surface, however, was a deep frustration at the way he was treated. Said Ghantt, â€Å"... one day life kinda slapped me in the face. I was working sometimes 75-80 hours a week at $8.15 an hour. I didn’t even have a real home life because I was never there. I was working all the time and unhappy†¦ I felt cornered and one day the joking in the break room about robbing the place suddenly didn’t seem so far-fetched.† Ghantt was joking in the breakroom with fellow Loomis Fargo employee Kelly Campbell. The two struck up a friendship during work that would continue after Campbell left the company. The jokes between Ghantt and Campbell about their disgruntlement with their jobs took on a more serious note when Campbell introduced Ghantt to an old high school classmate of hers named Steve Chambers. According to Campbell, Chambers could help Ghantt execute a massive cash robbery of the vault at Loomis Fargo in one night. Fed up, exhausted, and seeing a way out, Ghantt agreed. The Loomis Fargo Heist Over the next months, Ghantt, Campbell, and Chambers developed a plan. Working by himself, Ghantt would commit the robbery and then flee for Mexico, leaving the bulk of the cash with Chambers. While Ghantt waited for the heat from the robbery to die down, Chambers would send Ghantt small amounts of money. Eventually, Ghantt would return to the United States and the full sum would be split up between the conspirators. On the night of October 4, the plan went into action. Ghantt sent home a new employee and quickly loaded the money into the back of a bank van. After meeting up with Chambers, Campbell, and some other co-conspirators, Ghantt hightailed it to Mexico with $50,000 in cash in his car. He made it across the border just as his deception was discovered. Loomis Fargo Heist Investigation: David Ghantt, Suspect The morning after the height, employees of Loomis Fargo realized they couldn’t open the vault. They called the police, who brought in the FBI, classifying the heist as a bank robbery. From the beginning, the FBI’s prime suspect was David Ghantt. Not only was Ghantt the only unaccounted for employee the morning after the heist, there was also footage of Ghantt moving the cash into the back of the Loomis Fargo van. Two days after the heist, the FBI found the missing van with $3.3 million of cash left in it. Ghantt and his compatriots, it turns out, had underestimated how bulky money is. They left behind the cash they couldn’t fit in their cars. The FBI quickly connected Ghantt to Campbell, who was a former Loomis Fargo employee. The connection to Chambers took more time. Anonymous tips had the FBI monitoring Chambers’ calls. Eventually, Ghantt called in from Mexico, seeking more money, and the FBI officially recognized Chambers as a co-conspirator. Chambers, it turned out, became the biggest source of evidence for the FBI. In addition to his phone calls with Ghantt, Chambers began extravagantly spending the money, even though the co-conspirators had agreed to lay low for a year or two. Together with his wife, Chambers bought a new luxury home (upgrading from his mobile home), a BMW Z3, and some extravagant furnishings. Chambers’ wife, Michelle, bought a minivan in cash and began taking frequent trips to the bank to make deposits. While she made small deposits at first, she became more reckless, eventually making a deposit of thousands of dollars in cash, telling the teller not to worry: â€Å"It’s not drug money.† No Honor Among Thieves Across the border in Mexico, Ghantt was also living it up. He stayed at a luxury hotel and took scuba diving lesson. Having only brought $50,000 in cash, however, Ghantt soon found himself short on funds. When Ghantt called Chambers to have the latter wire him more money, Chambers sent just a few thousand dollars. As the FBI listened in to Chambers’ calls, they discovered that he was also planning to have Ghantt assassinated, hoping to keep all the money for himself. The FBI knew they needed to make their move. On March 1, 1988, Mexican police arrested Ghantt at Playa del Carmen. The next day, the Chambers’, Campbell, and some other notable parties were arrested in Charlotte. Ten days later, the group was indicted for bank larceny and money laundering. Thirteen friends and family members were also charged with money laundering, as they had helped Ghantt, Chambers, Campbell, and the others deposit money illegally. All of the defendants except for one pleaded guilty and accepted their sentences. Some of the friends and family members received parole, while Ghantt was sentenced to seven and a half years in prison. He completed his prison sentence in November 2006. Loomis Fargo Heist: Legacy The Loomis Fargo heist became something of a media lightning rod. The details of the heist itself, coupled with the missteps the crew made after stealing the money, attracted the attention of writers and movie producers. A comedy film called Masterminds, based on the Loomis Fargo heist and starring Zach Galifianakis, Kristen Wiig, Owen Wilson, and Jason Sudeikis, was released in 2016. David Ghantt attended the premiere. What's Next? Learning about US history? If so,check out some of these books on our AP History Exam reading list. One of the best ways to learn more about U.S. history is to make sure you’re taking history classes. Most high schools offer a variety of history classes, so make sure you’re taking the right ones for you. Did you know that the SAT offers subject exams, too? This article will teach you more about the SAT subject tests and help you decide whether you should take them.

Academic Report and Financial Calculations 04033 Essay

Academic Report and Financial Calculations 04033 - Essay Example Its appropriateness is examined and the benefit is extracted so as to decipher whether it is acceptable by the company in the present situation (Schlingemann, Stulz and Walkling, 2009; Valipour, Moradi and Farsi, 2012). This is essential for developing a strong business relation between the suppliers and companies. The suppliers should abide the policies that are followed by the company. Similar case is seen in the case study of LJC Ltd. LJC Ltd is fruit and vegetable supplier, who aims at delivering value and good quality handpicked fruits and vegetables to the small retailers. Though it is a family run business, but it has seen success in the past 80 years through their business operation as a constant effort to connect to big companies. LJC Ltd is trying to negotiate with the small supermarket chain known as Co-share for the past twelve months. The deal is to manage the fruit and vegetable packing and distribution of Co-share. Co-share has 160 stores that are operating in South East and Midlands. The company is very strict regarding the business ethics and the fair trade policies. For LJC Ltd, the contract will increase the volume of products, which are managed by the business. In order to assist Co-share in their business, LJC Ltd has to use fair trade products and develop best HR practices such as equality policies and staff development. Project A and B is evaluated for identifying the best project for LJC Ltd. Payback period is the span of time, which is required for recovering cost of investment that is made by a company (Valerie, Cook and Ali, 2010; Marić, Kamberović and Radlovacki, 2011; Amihud and Mendelson, 2010; Arshad, 2012; Easley and O’Hara, 2009). As per Appendix 1a, it is observed that the project A will incur positive cumulative cash flow in the third year. Therefore, payback is calculated on the basis of the positive cash flow that is incurred from the project. The cumulative cash flow at the end of 4th year is  £ 60500. Therefore, by

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leadership - Essay Example They have to sense the opportunities on the right time so that they can act on them. He highlights three important steps in order to become a successful leader which are to notice the opportunity, deciding about it and then determining as to what is to be done. This whole process requires interpretation and a leader should successfully be able to interpret. Bolman and Deals presents a somewhat similar situation of leadership in their article. They put forward that the most important aspect of leadership is the dealing with challenges. In other words the leaders have to act in the right manner to handle these challenges as Gallos has said. Bolman and Deals have further clarified the concept of Gallos by introducing the aspect of reframing leadership. Reframing according to them is a process through which leaders can analyze the situation from different perspectives. This process can help the leaders to take a competitive step by analyzing the whole situation and in other words carry o ut the process of sense making. Kouzes and Posner on the other hand put five principles which should be followed by the leaders to become a successful leader. Their view of organizational leadership revolves around these five principles. The leaders should model the way, inspire a shared vision, challenge the process, enable others to act and encourage the heart to be successful. Kouzes and Posner like other authors give a specific way through which they can be successful. In the principle of challenging the process they talk about experiments through which the leaders can sense as to what they have to do in the future. a.What are the primary differences?   The differences between their views is significant. Kouzes and Posner believe in following the five principles of leadership whereas Bolman and Deals believe in reframing leadership by analyzing a situation from different perspectives. Gallos on the other hand believes that a successful leader has to have the right sense making capabilities to take advantage of the situation. Kouzes and Posner give certain steps which can be further exemplified with other leadership styles. They give a step by step commitment process which has to be followed by the leaders whereas Gallos and Deals do not give a step by step process. b.How can B & Ds work and that of Gallos be used to strengthen the perspective of the Kouzes and Posner leadership model? Be sure to provide enough explanation to let me know that you understand the intricacies of each of these authors perspectives.    The work of Kouzes and Posner is a piece which gives specific guidelines to the leaders so that they can be successful. But on the other hand the theories of B & D and Gallos can be integrated into the work of Kouzes and Posner to strengthen it. The work of Kouzes and Posner revolves around the ethics of the leader and involves a lot of risks if they challenge the process as it may result in mistakes. It tells that all the workers should work as a team with the leader so that he can be successful. The leader should create a shared vision with his followers so that they are interested in working as much as the leader is. Power and discretion should also be shared by the leader so that their interest is created. And lastly encouragement is also necessary as put forward by Kouzes and Posner. All these steps are necessary for an effective leader but the process of reframing and sense making can be introduced in these

Issues in the UK: Gender Pay Gap, UK Underclass and Racism

Issues in the UK: Gender Pay Gap, UK Underclass and Racism What is the gender pay gap and why does it occur? Gender pay gap has been a contentious issue for the last two decades, the recent the international womens day celebration brought the issue into spotlight. Gender pay gap simply the differences in wages paid to men and women. The advocate of gender pay gap argued that men are paid more money than women for the same job, in other word, it is immoral and create inequality in the society. The cent study conducted by the European Union Commission on pay structure across the member states indicated that the main cause of gender pay gap is the way women competencies are measured against men. For instance, jobs that are required limited skills or qualification are undervalued and poorly paid because they are dominated by women. In addition, jobs in the construction companies are dominated by men and the wages structure is higher when compared to jobs like cleaning, cooking or even nursing. This is because employers judge people based on their physicality in this jobs rather than the skills and knowledge of the employer. Another example, is most individual that works as a cashier in the supermarket are women, while men tends to work in the warehouse, stacking shelve and other role that require physical ability, the comparison is the women are pay less because they work on the till compared to men that are involved in physical task. Drolet and Mumford (2011) indicated that gender pay gap is influenced by different factors such as discrimination, stereotyping, family and societal factors. The scholar argued that most women are likely to work in part-time compared to men because they have to undertake other roles such as caring for their children, parent or taking an unpaid job in the society. Hence, because of their limited commitment to work, it is difficult for them to attain managerial roles. The Office for National Statistic figures on earning in 2016 shows that 26% of women earn less than men which indicated that women in full time employment earn less than men by  £5,732. Rubery(2015) suggested that gender pay gap is caused by the kind of occupation and industry were women seek work. He argued that women are more commitment to health and social care organisations because they are good with been compassionate and empathy compared with scientific or high tech industries that nurture and pay their employees more for their expertise. Most of the employees of high tech organisations are dominated by men because of the long hours and commitment required for their role. There are many factors that causes gender pay gap, and it essential to have an in-depth understanding of the causes of the problem in order to make any suggestions on how the government and organisation can work together to limit or eliminate pay inequality and stereotyping in our society. One of the main factor of gender pay gap is discrimination, and this could be direct or indirect discrimination. Some organisations prefer to employ men because they are more committed to their job, because of this, they pay them more money and more also, men do not usually take time off to take care of their children or parents compared to women. Recent study conducted by Fawcett Society shows that women are unfairly especially when they return back from maternity. A record number of women are forced to leave their job after having a baby because of poor treatment at work. (Fawcettsociety, 2017). Secondly, womens competences and skills are undervalued, men in the same or similarly role with the same qualification are paid more than women. For instance, Birmingham Council was forced to pay compensation to predominantly women workers such as cook, cleaners, care staff etc. because they were denied bonuses compared to men that works as refuse collector, road workers and street cleaners. The bonus was based on the physical task of the role rather than the skill and knowledge of the individual. On other factor is that women take up more responsibilities that men when it comes to the society and caring. Women have to balance between taking care of their family and work, and tend to work part time because they share Unequal caring responsibilities with men. The argument is that women play a greater role in caring for children, as well as for sick or elderly relatives, as a result they take up mostly part time role that are generally lower paid job with limited progression opportunit ies (Fawcettsociety, 2017). The introduction of Equality Act 2010 has strengthened the right of women in the workplace. It is unlawful for an organisation to discriminate against an individual because of their gender or sex (Dawson, 2014). Likewise, either man or woman should be given equal of opportunity to fulfil their potential. Meaning organisations or employers have to be flexible and consider that women play more role in the society such as taking care of their and parents, and make their job flexible and create a platform for them to progress to managerial role. It should not be based on the hour you put in, but the quality of the work. What is institutional racism in policing? How can we address this issue? The word institutional racism gain prominence during Macphersons report for the racist murder of Stephen Lawrence. Although, it has been used extensively by some scholars study on racism in the past. The findings of the report indicated organisations especially in the public sectors is riddled with institutional racism such as stereotyping, fear and contempt for ordinary people especially a black people (Ray, Smith and Wastell, 1999).MacPherson refers to institutional racism as the collective failure of an organisation to provide an appropriate and professional service to people because of their colour, culture, or ethnic origin, and went on to conclude, It can be seen or detected in processes, attitudes and behaviour which amount to discrimination through unwitting prejudice, ignorance, thoughtlessness and racist stereotyping which disadvantage minority ethnic people (Ray, Smith and Wastell, 1999). According to Souhami (2012), stereotyping and discrimination are factors associated with institutional racism. It is about typecasting people because of their race, colour, religion or nationality. Regarding, Macpherson report, black people are not provided the same level of service provided to white citizens by the police force because of the stereotyping approach employed by the Metropolitan police. Black citizens are classified as people with riddled with crime and drugs, which was one of the reason why Stephen Lawrence case was not taken seriously at the beginning. Hence, it can be argued that institutional racism is has link with stereotyping, ignorance of people and social inequality or diversity. Research has shown that United Kingdom one of the diverse and multicultural country in the world, however many institution including the police are yet to accurately reflect the countrys diversity within their workforce, particularly at the managerial levels. Research conducted by Souhami (2012) on institutional racism and police reform: an empirical critique, Policing and Society revealed that white applicant into the police force are more likely to get a better chance of getting job and progress to the managerial level compared to people from the minority group. In addition, the newly published data from the Office for National Statistic indicated that 32 of Britains 45 territorial police forces employed a greater proportion of white applicants that other ethnicity that identify themselves as being from a BAME background (Ons, 2017). The findings were supported by the Londons Metropolitan Police chief, Sir Bernard Hogan-Howe who pointed that police chiefs in every part of the country has to be held accountable for failing to recruit people of their groups of the society that can positively reflect the communities they serve (Dodd, 2017) Dealing with institutional racism requires wider effort of the public and private sectors, schools, communities by educating people about the importance of diversity, and learning to understand and respect others people beliefs, culture or value. To mitigate against institutional racism in the police, the organisation has to embark on training their workforce on the importance of equality and diversity in the society. More also, the police force need to deploy a recruitment and selection process that will allow underrepresented groups to have a chance of getting employment and progression to the senior level of management in the police force. An independent body should also handle the complaints against the police for any investigation about racism or discrimination is transparency and credible in order to gain back the trust of the public. Officers that displayed violent behaviour against black people or other ethnicity should be prosecuted and face the consequences of their actions . In regard to the figures of ethnicity in the police force, the management should create progression route for minorities that apply to join the police for them to be part of the management, training and development to enhance their skills. Additionally, positive steps should be taken to drive recruitment of underrepresented groups in order to reflect the diversity of the nation. Continuous training should be provided on equality and diversity for new and current employees to promote equality and diversity in the police force. To reform and create a dynamic workforce, the police force can set up a cultural day whereby employees are encouraged to bring their traditional food, wear their attires and share their cultures and values with their peers. This will help police force employees to understand diversity in their own practice which can be demonstrated in the public. Does the UK have an underclass? Recently, there have been a lot of debates about social inequality and isolation in the UK politics. Social inequality is described the extent to which there are differences between groups in society (Amin and Sabermahani, 2017). It occurs in employment, life expectancy, access to education, business loans, mortality or morbidity rate. Some groups of the society are faced with the issues of struggle with social inequality in the sense that they do not have access to the same opportunity like others. The London riot in August 2011 was caused by social inequality because most the rioters came from poor and deprived areas with limited opportunity, lack of education and neighbourhood blighted with drugs (Liu and Bloom, 2006). The findings show that most of rioters came from neighbourhoods which were ethnically diverse or fractionalized. By going the definition of underclass by Lawrence M. Mead, in his book Beyond Entitlement, underclass as group of people who are poor and behaviourally d eficient, the rioters fit into this category (Mead, 1998). However, been poor does not necessarily mean an individual will have behaviour problems. The case of rioters as underclass was caused by social inequality and isolation by the government. In Britain, the media hep to promote the image of an underclass as someone on benefit that have cultivated the culture of poverty and laziness. Programmes like Benefits Britain: Life on The Dole, Benefits Street, Skint and Saints and Scroungers help also help to promote the idea of an underclass by providing real world examples and images (Donaldson, 2014) The word underclass is an ambiguous, impudent and subjective. According to Myrdal (1982), a Swedish social scientist refers to underclass as the class of unemployed, unemployables, and unemployed who are more and more hopelessly set apart from the nation at large and do not share in its life, its ambitions and its achievements. Mead (1998) defines underclass as a group that is poor and behaviourally deficient. He describes the underclass as dysfunctional. The underclass group are usually delineated and associated with people that have low aspirations, unemployed, lazy, have criminal record and poorly educated as well as coming from a family with instability and drug and alcohol addictions. However, the so call underclass group in Britain tend to have experience various forms of inequality and disadvantage in the labour market. They are very low wages, live in deprived areas with less opportunity and some end been addicted to drug because of low self-esteem. Murray (2008), in his book Losing Ground argued that welfare dependency has encouraged the break-up of the nuclear family household, and socialisation into a counter-culture which devalues work and encourages dependency and criminality. Lewis (2000) on the other hand, believes that culture of poverty is part of the coping strategies by which the poorest of the poor managed to survive. He argued that once an individual embrace this culture, it is difficult for them to break from it, hence making such individual to be an underclass. The scholar view culture of poverty as historically specific, emerging out of the problems of societal transition and the breakdown of the social order in an industrial/capitalist society. The culture of poverty theory states that living in conditions of pervasive poverty will lead to the development of a culture or subculture adapted to those conditions. This culture is characterized by pervasive feelings of helplessness, dependency, marginality, and powerlessness (Lewis, 2000). However, In Britain, the underclass group live in deprived areas of the country where there is less opportunity, fewer jobs, community is usually faced with drug and alcohol addiction as well as people with low self-esteem and peer pressure from there be part of the same group. Did they bring this problem up themselves? Wilson (2012) argued that Wilson argues that when communities experience widespread joblessness, they experience a social isolation that excludes them from the job network system. Wilson (2012) indicated that the main issue facing members of the underclass is joblessness reinforced by an increasing social isolation in an impoverished neighbourhood. They not only suffer from lower socioeconomic status, minimal education, and lack of opportunities, but they are further victimized by a lack of community safeguards and resources. The UK government help to create underclass group in the society because of social inequality, lack of opportunity and equality for certain group of people. They were seen as a problem group and given handout to keep satisfied without any real hope of integration into the main stream of the society. There are many factors to the problem, institutional racism where some people or individual typecast as not fit for purpose, stereotyping and lack of equality and diversity in every spectrum of the society. So yes, UK have an underclass group. References Atiba Goff, P. and Barsamian Kahn, K. (2012). Racial Bias in Policing: Why We Know Less Than We Should. Social Issues and Policy Review, 6(1), pp.177-210. Dawson, T. (2014). Collective Bargaining and the Gender Pay Gap in the Printing Industry. Gender, Work Organization, 21(5), pp.381-394. Dodd, V. (2017). Bernard Hogan-Howe to retire as Met police commissioner. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/sep/29/sir-bernard-hogan-howe-to-retire-as-met-police-commissioner [Accessed 8 Mar. 2017]. Drolet, M. and Mumford, K. (2011). The Gender Pay Gap for Private-Sector Employees in Canada and Britain. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 50(3), pp.529-553. Fawcettsociety.org.uk. (2017). Cite a Website Cite This For Me. [online] Available at: http://www.fawcettsociety.org.uk/policy-research/the-gender-pay-gap/ [Accessed 8 Mar. 2017]. Lewis, O. (2000). Five families; Mexican case studies in the culture of poverty. 1st ed. New York, NY: Basic Books. Mead, L. (1998). The new politics of poverty. 1st ed. New York, NY: Basic Books. Murray, C. (2008). Real education. 1st ed. New York: Crown Forum. Myrdal, G. (1982). Beyond the welfare state. 1st ed. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. Neyroud, P. (2014). Policing Facts and Policing Evidence: System 1 and System 2. Policing, 8(2), pp.93-95. Ons.gov.uk. (2017). Gender pay gap by age in the UK- Office for National Statistics. [online]Availableat:https://www.ons.gov.uk/aboutus/transparencyandgovernance/freedomofinformationfoi/genderpaygapbyageintheuk [Accessed 8 Mar. 2017]. Ray, L., Smith, D. and Wastell, L. (1999). The Macpherson Report: A View from Greater Manchester. Sociological Research Online, 4(4). Rubery, J. (2015). Closing the Gender Pay Gap in the EU. Intereconomics, 50(2), pp.62-63. Souhami, A. (2012). Institutional racism and police reform: an empirical critique. Policing and Society, 24(1), pp.1-21. Wilson, W. (2012). Truly Disadvantaged. 1st ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Florence Nightingale Essay

Florence Nightingale was a revolutionary nurse leader in her time. She was an activist for the â€Å"sick poor† (Monteiro, 1985, p. 181) who had the forethought, organization, planning, skills, knowledge, and determination to accomplish great strides in public health and nurse training. She was not just an activist for a specific gender or race, but she was an advocate for the general health and well-being of humanity. Her work still inspires nursing today and has laid the foundation for many nurse theories still relevant for what is now more than a hundred years after her death. History and Contributions Florence Nightingale was born in 1820 to an upper-class family in England. Florence’s childhood years were spent bringing aid to the less fortunate. She left home at the age of thirty to begin a 3-year nurse training program in Kaiserswerth, Germany (Chitty & Black, 2011, p. 29). Florence is best known for her work in the Crimean War where she and a group of untrained women went to assist the wounded and sick soldiers in Scutari, Turkey. While in Scutari, her theory surrounding the impact that environment had on health began to take shape. She used her understanding of the impact of environment on health, coupled with statistical evidence she gathered while caring for the soldiers, to bring change to the British Army (Chitty & Black, 2011, p. 30). Her experience during the Crimean War would prove to be invaluable to her later work in London. The Crimean War ignited a passion in Florence Nightingale to pursue the proper training for nurses. It was her belief that nursing could not be accomplished by well-meaning, upper-class women who came to bring aid to the â€Å"sick poor† (Monteiro, 1985, p. 184). In her words, â€Å"there is no such thing as amateur nursing† and â€Å"nursing was an art requiring an organized, practical, and specific training† (Monteiro, 1985, p. 184). In 1860, Florence began a nurses’ training program at St. Thomas’ Hospital in London. Her training program was the first of many of its kind in England and in the United States (Chitty & Black, 2011, p. 30). Florence would go on to pursue social reform in London and Liverpool where workhouses housed infirmaries that were rampant with infectious diseases. In 1864, there were 1,200 â€Å"sick poor† being housed together in a Liverpool workhouse infirmary (Monteiro, 1985, p. 181). Florence was asked by William Rathbone, a wealthy merchant, to devise public policy that would address the conditions these â€Å"sick poor† were living in. Her first recommendation to Rathbone was that he start a training school for nurses so that the problem in Liverpool could have long-term attention from properly trained nurses. Florence agreed to help and began with a questionnaire for all of the workhouses to assess the actual state that they were in. According to Florence, the questionnaire â€Å"revealed facts so shameful that they could not be ignored† (Monteiro, 1985, p. 182). Her plan involved dividing the sick into four categories and quarantining them from the rest of the workhouse inhabitants, establishing one administration over all the workhouses to maintain continuity, and raising funds through taxes to cover the expenses involved in caring for the â€Å"sick poor† (Monteiro, 1985, p. 182). While her plan was reasonable, it was met with political opposition in London and soon a leadership change would decline it’s acceptance into â€Å"Poor Law†. Later, the new leader, Gathorne Hardy, would write his own policy that somewhat resembled Florence’s. His policy made it into law and brought forth the beginning of change in London. Liverpool, however, was enforcing Florence’s plan and was seeing positive results. One of the graduates of the St. Thomas nursing school, Agnes Jones, was placed as the Superintendent over the Liverpool workhouse infirmaries along with twelve other trained nurses to assist her. Florence would continue her pursuit of establishing the nurse’s proper role in public health and the nurse’s proper training in eleven writings that she authored until her last in 1897. Summary Florence Nightingale had a central theme from the time of the Crimean War to her work in London and Liverpool: trained nurses were an absolute necessity and that the sick should be met where their sicknesses began, at home. She believed that teaching the poor to be clean and find assistance with sanitation would deter the many infectious diseases that were prevalent in her time. She taught others and she herself sought to teach them in their own environment, their homes. This would later be called Public Health Nursing. Not only did Florence Nightingale forge the way for nurse education but she also brought necessary focus to Public Health Nursing that is still impacting nurses and our communities today. In 1894 Florence is quoted as saying, â€Å"it is cheaper to promote health than to maintain people in sickness† (Monteiro, 1985, p. 185). Her words still ring true today. References Chitty, K. K., & Black, B. P. (2011). The History and Social Context of Nursing. In M. Iannuzzi (Ed.), Professional Nursing: Concepts & Challenges (6th ed., pp. 29-30). Maryland Heights, Missouri: Saunders Elsevier. Monteiro, L. A. (1985, February). Florence Nightingale on Public Health. American Journal of Public Health, 75(2), 181-186. doi: http://ajph.aphapublicati